Radio New Zealand National. 2015-04-16. 00:00-23:59.

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Year
2015
Reference
274302
Media type
Audio
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Rights Information
Year
2015
Reference
274302
Media type
Audio
Item unavailable online
Series
Radio New Zealand National. 2015--. 00:00-23:59.
Duration
24:00:00
Credits
RNZ Collection
Radio New Zealand National, Broadcaster

A 24-hour recording of Radio New Zealand National. The following rundown is sourced from the broadcaster’s website. Note some overseas/copyright restricted items may not appear in the supplied rundown:

16 April 2015

===12:04 AM. | All Night Programme===
=DESCRIPTION=

Including: 12:05 Music after Midnight; 12:30 One in Five (RNZ); 1:05 Discovery (BBC); 2:05 The Thursday Feature (RNZ); 3:05 Tu, by Patricia Grace (8 of 15, RNZ); 3:30 NZ Books (RNZ); 5:10 Witness (BBC)

===6:00 AM. | Morning Report===
=DESCRIPTION=

Radio New Zealand's three-hour breakfast news show with news and interviews, bulletins on the hour and half-hour

=AUDIO=

06:00
Top Stories for Thursday 16 April 2015
BODY:
Labour backs the Reserve Bank's call for action to rein in the property market. Europe accuses the biggest name on the internet of misleading shoppers and the brakes go on China's economy.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 30'28"

06:06
Sports News for 16 April 2015
BODY:
An update from the team at RNZ Sport.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 1'57"

06:18
Pacific News for 16 April 2015
BODY:
The latest from the Pacific region.
Topics: Pacific
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 3'06"

06:24
Morning Rural News for 16 April 2015
BODY:
News from the rural and farming sector.
Topics: rural, farming
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 4'19"

06:28
Te Manu Korihi News for 16 April 2015
BODY:
A lawyer representing Māori in water rights says cool heads must prevail over the freshwater rights debate, as there is currently too much rhetoric being thrown around; New research has found the North Island's Whanau Ora agency's adopted guidelines will save money because funding is allocated based specifically on people's needs; A large Māori farming corporation in Whanganui is using a marae homestead near Waiouru to train up young adults from its iwi to run all of the incorporation's farms.
Topics: te ao Māori
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 3'22"

06:48
Capital gains tax could 'drive prices higher' - PwC
BODY:
The Reserve Bank has thrown down the gauntlet, challenging the Government to take a fresh look at a capital gains tax on housing.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags: Reserve Bank, Capital Gains Tax
Duration: 2'54"

06:51
Dairy prices fall again
BODY:
Dairy prices are continuing to slide, but not at the same rate as seen at recent auctions.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags: dairy prices
Duration: 44"

06:52
CallPlus will continue offering global access to content
BODY:
CallPlus says it will continue to offer its customers access to global digital content, despite a cease and desist letter from major networks and telecommunications companies.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags: CallPlus
Duration: 1'23"

06:53
Shareholders' group criticises Commerce Commission
BODY:
The Shareholders' Association has come out swinging at the Commerce Commission over yet another delay in determining the price Chorus can charge its customers for access to broadband over copper wires.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags: Shareholders' Association
Duration: 36"

06:54
Mad Butcher rolls out mini stores
BODY:
Veritas Investments is hoping to open up to 25 new mini Mad Butcher stores over the next year, as part of an aggressive growth strategy.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags: Veritas Investments, Mad Butcher
Duration: 1'11"

06:55
Dark chocolate lures investors' appetites
BODY:
First there were premium spirits, and then craft beer. Now, one New York analyst says dark chocolate is the next big thing.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags: dark chocolate, Davis Advisors
Duration: 1'04"

06:56
New Zealand a hotbed for cybercrime activity
BODY:
New Zealand is a nation of over-sharers when it comes to social media, exposing users to a high risk of computer viruses and cyber-crimes.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags: computer viruses, cyber-crimes, Symantec's technology
Duration: 1'47"

06:58
Morning markets for 16 April 2015
BODY:
The Dow Jones Index is up 105 points to 18,142.
Topics: business, economy
Regions:
Tags: markets
Duration: 54"

07:07
Sports News for 16 April 2015
BODY:
An update from the team at RNZ Sport.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 1'43"

07:10
Government being questioned over 'housing crisis'
BODY:
The Reserve Bank has challenged the government to take a fresh look at a capital gains tax on housing.
Topics: economy
Regions:
Tags: Reserve Bank, Capital Gains Tax
Duration: 2'31"

07:12
Reserve Bank urging Govt to tackle Auckland housing crisis
BODY:
The Reserve Bank is also urging Auckland Council to get involved.
Topics: economy
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags: Reserve Bank, Capital Gains Tax
Duration: 3'29"

07:16
Building and Housing Minister on Reserve Bank's housing warning
BODY:
In latest developments Labour leader Andrew Little now says what is needed is an LVR specifically for property investors in Auckland. Nick Smith, Building and Housing Minister, responds.
Topics: economy
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags: Reserve Bank, Capital Gains Tax, LVR
Duration: 10'49"

07:34
China slowdown not unexpected
BODY:
Seven percent economic growth would be the envy of most countries. But for China, it's actually a slowdown.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: China, slowdown, economic growth
Duration: 3'15"

07:37
Union targets McDonalds in ramped up contract campaign
BODY:
The union representing fast food workers says it has more fight up its sleeves in the battle to get McDonalds to scrap zero hour contracts.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags: zero-hour contracts, McDonalds
Duration: 3'55"

07:42
Results from GlobalDairyTrade overnight
BODY:
Global dairy prices fell once again in last night's international auction with an average fall of 3-point-6 per cent on the previous auction two weeks ago.
Topics: farming, economy, business
Regions:
Tags: dairy prices
Duration: 2'34"

07:48
Farmers keep close eye on water rights debate
BODY:
Farmers say they'll continue to take a keen interest in the ongoing battle between iwi and the Government over freshwater rights, and believe allocation of the resource to tangata whenua is far from inevitable.
Topics: farming, rural, te ao Māori
Regions:
Tags: water rights
Duration: 3'17"

07:50
Heated debate at meeting over Govt's new homebuyers scheme
BODY:
Lively debate erupted at a public meeting in west Auckland last night over the Government's new Homebuyers scheme.
Topics: housing
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags: Homebuyers scheme
Duration: 3'53"

07:54
Chch City Council prepares for legal action
BODY:
The Christchurch City Council is preparing to take its insurer to court over an almost-billion dollar insurance claim.
Topics: Canterbury earthquakes, law
Regions: Canterbury
Tags: Civic Assurance, insurance claim
Duration: 3'20"

07:57
Residents oppose Government-backed housing plan
BODY:
Staying in Christchurch .. residents have accused the Government of keeping them in the dark while fast-tracking a new housing development on Riccarton Race course land.
Topics: Canterbury earthquakes, housing
Regions: Canterbury
Tags: new housing development, Riccarton Race course
Duration: 2'40"

08:07
Sports News for 16 April 2015
BODY:
An update from the team at RNZ Sport.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 2'11"

08:11
Industry says capital gains not answer
BODY:
The Real Estate Institute says taxing investors would not be a silver bullet for Auckland's out of control housing market.
Topics: housing
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags: Capital Gains Tax
Duration: 2'56"

08:14
Labour: Reserve Bank scathing of Government
BODY:
Labour says having unsuccessfully campaigned twice on a capital gains tax, it won't try again.
Topics: housing
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags: Capital Gains Tax
Duration: 5'14"

08:20
Exporters squeezed as biggest export market weakens
BODY:
As the New Zealand dollar edges towards parity with the Australian, exporters are continuing to feel the squeeze.
Topics: money, economy
Regions:
Tags: NZ dollar
Duration: 3'28"

08:24
Commentator says google dominance a self fulfilling prophecy
BODY:
A technology commentator says accusations that Google has been abusing its dominant search position to cheat consumers will be difficult to resolve.
Topics: internet, technology
Regions:
Tags: Google
Duration: 4'22"

08:28
Labour: Kitchen plan set to swallow up health boards' funds
BODY:
Labour calls it blackmail. District Health Boards across New Zealand will have to pay thousands of dollars if they don't sign up to a proposal to outsource hospital food.
Topics: health
Regions:
Tags: Health Benefits Limited
Duration: 4'27"

08:32
Markets Update for 16 April 2015
BODY:
A brief update of movements in the financial sector.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 58"

08:36
Battle over Global Mode internet service could head to court
BODY:
A Game of Thrones-like battle could be brewing over a telco which gives New Zealanders access to usually-blocked internet content such as TV shows.
Topics: internet, technology
Regions:
Tags: CallPlus
Duration: 4'13"

08:42
Pole to Paris expedition to highlight climate change
BODY:
In a new take on exposing the consequences of climate change, two scientists have set out on a journey to Paris for the Sustainable Innovation Forum in December.
Topics: environment, science
Regions:
Tags: climate change, Sustainable Innovation Forum
Duration: 4'21"

08:46
Chch residents left with earthquake spring flooding street
BODY:
Four years on from the Canterbury earthquakes and still a street in one of the poorest Christchurch communities is flooding.
Topics:
Regions: Canterbury
Tags: Farnborough Street, spring
Duration: 3'27"

08:51
Te Manu Korihi News for 16 April 2015
BODY:
A lawyer representing Māori in water rights says cool heads must prevail over the freshwater rights debate, as there is currently too much rhetoric being thrown around; New research has found the North Island's Whanau Ora agency's adopted guidelines will save money because funding is allocated based specifically on people's needs; A large Māori farming corporation in Whanganui is using a marae homestead near Waiouru to train up young adults from its iwi to run all of the incorporation's farms.
Topics: te ao Māori
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 2'54"

08:54
Dark Matter mapped in unprecedented detail
BODY:
An international project to map the dark matter in our universe has released its first data.
Topics: science
Regions:
Tags: dark matter
Duration: 3'50"

=SHOW NOTES=

===9:06 AM. | Nine To Noon===
=DESCRIPTION=

Current affairs and topics of interest, including: 10:45 The Reading: The Godley Letters, read by Ginette McDonald and Sam Neill (4 of 10, RNZ)

=AUDIO=

09:08
Freed Al Jazeera journalist Peter Greste
BODY:
Peter Greste, who spent 400 days in an Egyptian prison, talks to Kathryn about the impact of that and his ongoing concern that the war on terror is being used to limit media freedom.
EXTENDED BODY:
"It's not just in the Middle East, it's not just in places like Turkey, China and so-on - equally in the US, and in this country and Australia, all of these press freedoms are under attack... The government has used the war on terror as an excuse, as a way of legitimising those kinds of fairly draconian measures to limit the scope of the work that journalists can do."

Journalist Peter Greste, who spent 400 days in an Egyptian prison, talks to Kathryn Ryan about the impact of his imprisonment and his ongoing concern that the war on terror is being used to limit media freedom.
Related

Call for global media protection
Peter Greste arrives home
Retrial for journalists jailed in Egypt
Parliament condemns jailing of media

Topics: media
Regions:
Tags: Peter Greste
Duration: 25'19"

09:33
Review of teaching of digital tech in schools
BODY:
A major review is underway into how digital and computer technology is taught in schools amid concerns that the education system has failed to recognise its importance and value to the economy. The government has asked the ministry of Education to undertake a review. The Ministry has commissioned a group of educators, students, academics and key members of the tech industry to assess how it is taught now, and what more needs to be done. Evan Blackman, Microsoft New Zealand's Education Sector Director; Professor Tim Bell, Canterbury University Director of Software Engineering Studies and 17-year-old student, Sebastian Hallum Clarke, who is set to study computer science and economics at Princeton and currently runs his own software company, Zibity, discuss.
EXTENDED BODY:
A major review is underway into how digital and computer technology is taught in schools amid concerns that the education system has failed to recognise its importance and value to the economy.

The government has asked the Ministry of Education to undertake a review. The ministry has commissioned a group of educators, students, academics and key members of the tech industry to assess how it is taught now, and what more needs to be done.
Evan Blackman, Microsoft New Zealand's Education Sector Director; Professor Tim Bell, Canterbury University Director of Software Engineering Studies and 17-year-old student, Sebastian Hallum Clarke, who is set to study computer science and economics at Princeton and currently runs his own software company, Zibity, discuss the issue with Kathryn Ryan.
Topics: technology, education
Regions:
Tags: digital
Duration: 19'45"

09:53
UK Correspondent, Dame Ann Leslie
BODY:
ame Ann Leslie reports on the election campaign (just three weeks to go until the general election) and the aftermath of the diamond heist.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: UK, Anne Leslie
Duration: 6'21"

10:11
Australia prepares to open its first body farm
BODY:
What happens to a body when it starts to decompose is not a subject many people want to think about, but for forensic scientists like Shari Forbes, who is setting up Australia's first body farm, a body's breakdown gives vital evidence of the timing and way in which a person has died. There are currently five body farms in the United States where dead bodies are deposited in secure outdoor facilities so that their decomposition can be closely monitored and now Sydney's University of Technology is preparing to take donated bodies at a body farm on a 48 hectare bush site in the lower Blue Mountains, next year.
EXTENDED BODY:
What happens to a body when it starts to decompose is not a subject many people want to think about, but for forensic scientists like Shari Forbes, who is setting up Australia's first body farm, a body's breakdown gives vital evidence of the timing and way in which a person has died.
Topics: science, crime
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 22'20"

10:37
Book review: Last Night on Earth by Kevin Maher
BODY:
Published by Little Brown. Reviewed by David Hill.
Topics: books
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 4'40"

11:07
New Technology commentator Erika Pearson
BODY:
Looming court action over Global Mode, IBM creates Watson Health to start making sense of biometric data and a 3D printed rocket.
Topics: technology
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 16'02"

11:23
Toilet training and bedwetting - what's normal?
BODY:
Continence nurse advisor Mary-Anne Caulfield discusses toilet training and dry nights for children - what is normal and when should parents worry?
EXTENDED BODY:

Photo: CC BY 2.0 Todd Morris
Toilet training and saying goodbye to nappies is a major milestone for children and parents. But for some children it doesn't happen as naturally as it does for others.
What is considered a "normal" age for toilet training and dry nights?
What are the early warning signs of problems and what strategies can parents use to overcome issues?
Mary-Anne Caulfield is a Tauranga based continence nurse advisor with the Bay of Plenty District Health Board who works with children with toileting difficulties and advises families around the country. She discusses the issues with Kathryn Ryan.
Topics: health
Regions:
Tags: bed wetting, toilet training
Duration: 25'29"

11:48
TV Reviewer, Lara Strongman
BODY:
TV Reviewer, Lara Strongman discusses Thunderbirds are Go, Game of Thrones, and The Bachelor NZ.
Topics: arts
Regions:
Tags: television
Duration: 10'39"

=SHOW NOTES=

09:05 Freed Al Jazeera journalist Peter Greste
[image:32511:half]
The freed al-Jazeera journalist Peter Greste says media freedoms are under threat and governments are using the war on terror as an excuse to limit press freedom. Mr Greste, a former Radio New Zealand correspondent, was jailed for 400 days in an Egyptian prison along with Al Jazeera colleagues Mohammed Fahmy and Baher Mohammed. They were convicted of supporting the banned Muslim Brotherhood group and sentenced to seven years in prison. Peter Greste was released in February and deported to Australia. His friends and colleagues, Baher Mohammed who is an Egyptian national, and Mohammed Fahmy a dual Egyptian-Canadian national, are on bail in Cairo, awaiting retrial.
Mr Greste says the past three years have been the most dangerous for journalists since the Committee to Protect Journalists began keeping records in 1991. He says the so-called war on terror has left journalists open to attack from governments of all kinds, and he’s advocating for a universal charter of media freedoms, which would define the relationship between governments and the media. Mr Greste says 400 days in prison tested his limits but did not damage him.
09:30 Review of teaching of digital tech in schools
A major review is underway into how digital and computer technology is taught in schools amid concerns that the education system has failed to recognise its importance and value to the economy.
The government has asked the ministry of Education to undertake a review. The Ministry has commissioned a group of educators, students, academics and key members of the tech industry to assess how it is taught now, and what more needs to be done.
Evan Blackman, Microsoft New Zealand's Education Sector Director; Professor Tim Bell, Canterbury University Director of Software Engineering Studies and 17-year-old student, Sebastian Hallum Clarke, who is set to study computer science and economics at Princeton and currently runs his own software company, Zibity, discuss.
09:45 UK Correspondent, Dame Ann Leslie
Dame Ann Leslie reports on the election campaign (just three weeks to go until the general election) and the aftermath of the diamond heist.
10:05 Australia prepares to open its first body farm
What happens to a body when it starts to decompose is not a subject many people want to think about, but for forensic scientists like Shari Forbes, who is setting up Australia's first body farm, a body's breakdown gives vital evidence of the timing and way in which a person has died. There are currently five body farms in the United States where dead bodies are deposited in secure outdoor facilities so that their decomposition can be closely monitored and now Sydney's University of Technology is preparing to take donated bodies at a body farm on a 48 hectare bush site in the lower Blue Mountains, next year.
10:30 Book review: Last Night on Earth by Kevin Maher
Published by Little Brown. Reviewed by David Hill.
10:45 The Reading: The Godley Letters
Correspondence between Major General Godley and Lady Louisa Godley May to August 1915. Edited and arranged by Jane Tolerton. Read by Ginette McDonald and Sam Neill (4 of 10, RNZ).
11:05 New Technology commentator Erika Pearson
Looming court action over Global Mode, IBM creates Watson Health to start making sense of biometric data and a 3D printed rocket.
11:30 Toilet training and bedwetting - what's normal?
Continence nurse advisor Mary-Anne Caulfield discusses toilet training and dry nights for children – what is normal and when should parents worry?
11:45 TV Reviewer, Lara Strongman
TV Reviewer, Lara Strongman discusses Thunderbirds are Go, Game of Thrones, and The Bachelor NZ.

===Noon | Midday Report===
=DESCRIPTION=

Radio New Zealand news, followed by updates and reports until 1.00pm, including: 12:16 Business News 12:26 Sport 12:34 Rural News 12:43 Worldwatch

=AUDIO=

12:00
Midday News for 16 April 2015
BODY:
A woman appears in court on manslaughter charges over the January death of a toddler in the grounds of Whanganui Hospital and the Court of Appeal holds a new hearing to discuss the upcoming retrial of the former Auckland Mayor John Banks.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 14'21"

12:17
Record KFC sales drive jump in Restaurant Brand's profit
BODY:
Restaurant Brands' share price has hit a record high after serving up a one of the best financial results in the company's history.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 1'32"

12:19
Manufacturing sector continues to hum: 30 months of expansion
BODY:
The manufacturing sector continues to show solid expansion, although it's slowed down a bit from February.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 1'13"

12:21
Economist says dairy prices could be hitting the bottom of the price cycle
BODY:
An economist says international dairy prices could be hitting the bottom of the price cycle.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags: dairy
Duration: 1'32"

12:22
Labour market slowing down
BODY:
Demand for labour remains strong, but the pace of growth is slowing.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 1'35"

12:24
Midday Markets for 16 April 2015
BODY:
For the latest from the markets we're joined by Angus Marks at First NZ Capital.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags: markets
Duration: 2'24"

12:27
Midday Sports News for 16 April 2015
BODY:
The tennis world number one, Novak Djokovic, says 2014 was the best year of his life.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags: tennis
Duration: 2'51"

12:35
Midday Rural News for 16 April 2015
BODY:
News from the rural and farming sectors.
Topics: rural, farming
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 8'17"

=SHOW NOTES=

===1:06 PM. | Afternoons===
=DESCRIPTION=

Information and debate, people and places around NZ

=AUDIO=

13:10
Your Song - Blues in Hoss' Flat
BODY:
Today's song is Blues in Hoss' Flat by the Count Basie Orchestra as chosen by Scotty Barnhart.
Topics: music
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 11'42"

13:20
Our New Zealand A to Z - Marching
BODY:
With Mrs Pam Findlay - marcher, coach, administrator. Jan Hoad - director of judging at Marching NZ. Jody Jenkins - coach of the Ashton U16 marching team, Nelson. Fran Kennedy - a member of the Waikanae Joysteppers
EXTENDED BODY:
With Mrs Pam Findlay - marcher, coach, administrator. Jan Hoad - director of judging at Marching NZ. Jody Jenkins - coach of the Ashton U16 marching team, Nelson. Fran Kennedy - a member of the Waikanae Joysteppers
"This photo is of the workplace marching team at the Levy Factory. The factory workers made their marching team uniforms. I don't know where the team performed or competed. The photo is taken on the Carillon at Wellington, and I think is from the early 1930s. My grandmother, Edna Cameron, is third from right. She was very proud of the uniform and being part of the workplace team."
– Photo sent in by listener, Dinah Vincent
Topics: life and society
Regions:
Tags: marching
Duration: 41'13"

14:10
Air New Zealand - Geoffrey Thomas
BODY:
This morning it was announced that Air New Zealand will start a new trans-Pacific route to Houston. The nonstop service to George Bush Intercontinental Airport will start in December. Air New Zealand says the new route will be the fastest way to get to popular East Coast and Midwest destinations, such as New York and Chicago. Geoffrey Thomas is an aviation expert and the editor of Airlineratings.com.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: travel, flying
Duration: 6'45"

14:20
Vitamin K - Dr Ben Wheeler
BODY:
The topic of immunisation has been making headlines lately with Australia's 'no jab, no pay' policy. And new research out of the University of Otago has found a way of predicting if parents will choose to immunise or not. Dr Ben Wheeler is senior lecturer of the Department of Women's and Children's Health at the university
Topics: health
Regions:
Tags: immunisation
Duration: 5'00"

14:25
Living Church - Barry Cox
BODY:
It's been four years in the making but Ohaupo resident Barry Cox has finally finished building his own personal church. But, it's not your typical church. It's alive and it's constructed from trees. And he's now opened the doors to the public
Topics: spiritual practices
Regions: Waikato
Tags: churches
Duration: 6'48"

14:45
Feature Album - Ryan Adams
BODY:
Today's album is Ryan Adams by Ryan Adams (2014).
Topics: music
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 13'39"

15:10
The Expats - Chris Yu
BODY:
Our expat this week has gone from Lower Hutt school boy to owner of a luxury perfume business in London. Christopher Yu develops high-end fragrances, candles and soaps
Topics: life and society
Regions:
Tags: Perfume
Duration: 13'00"

15:45
The Panel pre-show for 16 April 2015
BODY:
What the world is talking about, with Simon Mercep, Zara Potts, Michele A'Court and Jeremy Hansen.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 13'15"

=SHOW NOTES=

1:10 Your Song
Blues in Hoss' Flat by the Count Basie Orchestra. Chosen by Scotty Barnhart
1:20 Our New Zealand A to Z - Marching
Mrs Pam Findlay - marcher, coach, administrator
Jan Hoad - director of judging at Marching NZ
Jody Jenkins - coach of the Ashton U16 marching team, Nelson
Fran Kennedy - a member of the Waikanae Joysteppers

"This photo is of the workplace marching team at the Levy Factory. The factory workers made their marching team uniforms. I don't know where the team performed or competed. The photo is taken on the Carillon at Wellington, and I think is from the early 1930s. My grandmother, Edna Cameron, is third from right. She was very proud of the uniform and being part of the workplace team."
– Photo sent in by listener, Dinah Vincent
2:10 Air New Zealand - Geoffrey Thomas
This morning it was announced that Air New Zealand will start a new trans-Pacific route to Houston. The nonstop service to George Bush Intercontinental Airport will start in December. Air New Zealand says the new route will be the fastest way to get to popular East Coast and Midwest destinations, such as New York and Chicago. Geoffrey Thomas is an aviation expert and the editor of Airlineratings.com.
2:15 Vitamin K - Dr Ben Wheeler
The topic of immunisation has been making headlines lately with Australia's 'no jab, no pay' policy. And new research out of the University of Otago has found a way of predicting if parents will choose to immunise or not. Dr Ben Wheeler is senior lecturer of the Department of Women's and Children's Health at the university
2:20 Living Church - Barry Cox
It's been four years in the making but Ohaupo resident Barry Cox has finally finished building his own personal church. But, it's not your typical church. It's alive and it's constructed from trees. And he's now opened the doors to the public
2:30 NZ Reading: Taming the Tiger by Michael Morrissey
A five-part reading of Michael Morrissey’s frank description of two serious bipolar episodes is told in a riveting and lively manner.
2:45 Feature album
Ryan Adams by Ryan Adams (2014)
3:10 The Expats - Chris Yu
Our expat this week has gone from Lower Hutt school boy to owner of a luxury perfume business in London. Christopher Yu develops high-end fragrances, candles and soaps
3:20 BBC Witness - Gavin Gould
In April 1964, the famously eccentric concert pianist Glenn Gould retired from live performance at the age of 31. One of the most celebrated pianists of the 20th Century, Gould was a reclusive figure celebrated for his unusual interpretations - and also his habit of humming along with his own performances. His friend, John Roberts shares some memories with Lucy Burns of the BBC history programme ''Witness'
3:35 Native Bees - Alison Ballance
We're all familiar with introduced honey bees and bumblebees, but you may not know that New Zealand is also home to tiny solitary native bees. Alison Ballance joins PhD student Jay Iwasaki from the University of Otago in a community garden to hunt for some native bees, and find out more about their role in pollinating flowers
Stories from Our Changing World.
3:45 The Panel Pre-Show
What the world is talking about, with Simon Mercep, Zara Potts, Michele A'Court and Jeremy Hansen

MUSIC DETAILS

Thursday 16 April

YOUR SONG:

ARTIST: Blues In Hoss' Flat
TITLE: The Count Basie Orchestra
COMP: Basie, Foster
ALBUM: First Time! The Count Meets The Duke
LABEL: SONY 772009

A to Z: Marching

ARTIST: National Band Of New Zealand
TITLE: Colonel Bogey
COMP: K Alford
ALBUM: Colonel Bogey On Parade
LABEL: SALEM xps5043

ARTIST: Louis Armstrong
TITLE: When The Saints Go Marching In
COMP: Trad,Arr Armstong
ALBUM: Do You Know What It Means To Miss New Orleans
LABEL: VERVE 837919

ARTIST: Royal Artillery Band
TITLE: Liberty Bell
COMP: SOUSA
ALBUM: American Classics - Music for Wind Band Vol 6
LABEL: Naxos 8.559132

ARTIST: The Beatles
TITLE: Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
COMP: Lennon, McCartney
ALBUM: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
LABEL: PARLOPHONE 746442

FEATURE ALBUM:

ARTIST: Ryan Adams
TITLE: Gimme Something Good
COMP: Adams
ALBUM: Ryan Adams
LABEL: COLUMBIA 500215

ARTIST: Ryan Adams
TITLE: My Wrecking Ball
COMP: Adams
ALBUM: Ryan Adams
LABEL: COLUMBIA 500215

ARTIST: Ryan Adams
TITLE: Trouble
COMP: Adams
ALBUM: Ryan Adams
LABEL: COLUMBIA 500215

PANEL HALF-TIME:

ARTIST: Bret McKenzie
TITLE: The Big House
COMP: Tina Fey & Josh Groban
ALBUM: Muppets Most Wanted
LABEL: WALTDISNEY promowanted

===4:06 PM. | The Panel===
=DESCRIPTION=

An hour of discussion featuring a range of panellists from right along the opinion spectrum (RNZ)

=AUDIO=

15:45
The Panel pre-show for 16 April 2015
BODY:
What the world is talking about, with Simon Mercep, Zara Potts, Michele A'Court and Jeremy Hansen.
Topics:
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Duration: 13'15"

16:00
The Panel with Michele A'Court and Jeremy Hansen (Part 1)
BODY:
Intro; Manslaughter charge for mother; Burger King drops TV ads for kids; Poppies.
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Duration: 23'40"

16:08
Intro
BODY:
What the Panelists Michele A'Court and Jeremy Hansen have been up to.
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Duration: 5'02"

16:14
Manslaughter charge for mother
BODY:
The mother who left her baby in a hot car while she was at work will face a charge of manslaughter.
Topics: law
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Tags:
Duration: 3'24"

16:16
Burger King drops TV ads for kids
BODY:
Burger King will cease selling toys with its kids menu and stop airing ads on TV aimed at children. Regan Cunliffe from the TV ratings website Throng tells us children would rather watch their shows on youtube.
Topics: media
Regions:
Tags: advertising
Duration: 6'47"

16:22
Poppies
BODY:
In Australia the term BRANDZAC is being bandied about as many commercial entities cash-in on ANZAC Day. We talk to the RSA's David Moger about this and also what's in store for this year's Poppy Day Appeal.
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Tags: Anzac Day, poppies, Anzac
Duration: 8'18"

16:30
The Panel with Michele A'Court and Jeremy Hansen (Part 2)
BODY:
Small spaces; Panel Says; New technology could lead to moose sighting; Death threats over big game hunting; Distractions.
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Duration: 26'25"

16:33
Small spaces
BODY:
Could you live in a small flat with the shower in the kitchen? The pros and cons of the small house movement.
Topics: life and society, housing
Regions:
Tags: tiny homes
Duration: 5'38"

16:38
Panel Says
BODY:
What the Panelists Michele A'Court and Jeremy Hansen have been thinking about.
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Duration: 4'31"

16:45
New technology could lead to moose sighting
BODY:
Biologist Ken Tustin has a new lease on life as new cameras installed in parts of Fiordland could capture moose he thinks are still living there.
Topics: science
Regions: Southland
Tags: biology
Duration: 8'43"

16:53
Death threats over big game hunting
BODY:
A TV host has been issued with death threats after posing with various animals she's killed in Africa and the USA.
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Duration: 3'07"

16:56
Distractions
BODY:
Twenty-two minutes seems to be all UK workers can handle at work before they're distracted. We tell you what the main distractions are. Even if you work from home.
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Duration: 3'47"

=SHOW NOTES=

===5:00 PM. | Checkpoint===
=DESCRIPTION=

Radio New Zealand's two-hour news and current affairs programme

=AUDIO=

17:00
Checkpoint Top Stories for Thursday 16 April 2015
BODY:
DHB to support staff member facing manslaughter charge; PM refuses to discuss latest spy allegations; Crew of two Korean trawlers say they're owed millions; Vodafone technical fault fixed; New Court of Appeal hearing quickly arranged for John Banks; Auckland developer says apartments not the answer to housing shortage; Police watchdog rules no need to pull out taser.
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Duration: 20'56"

17:08
DHB to support staff member facing manslaughter charge
BODY:
The Whanganui District Health Board says it will continue to support a staff member charged with manslaughter after a toddler died on the hospital grounds in January.
Topics: law
Regions: Whanganui
Tags:
Duration: 1'30"

17:09
PM refuses to discuss latest spy allegations
BODY:
The Prime Minister is refusing to discuss new allegations New Zealand spies have been assisting Bangladesh's draconian security agencies.
Topics: politics
Regions:
Tags: G.C.S.B.
Duration: 3'05"

17:12
Crew of two Korean trawlers say they're owed millions
BODY:
The crew of two notorious Korean trawlers are asking a court to order the Crown to sell the ships to pay them millions in wages they say they're owed.
Topics: law
Regions: Canterbury
Tags:
Duration: 2'25"

17:15
Vodafone technical fault fixed
BODY:
For more than seven hours today many Vodafone customers nationwide were unable to make calls, text, or use data.
Topics:
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Tags: telecommunications
Duration: 2'59"

17:18
New Court of Appeal hearing quickly arranged for John Banks
BODY:
An urgent Court of Appeal hearing has been called over the former ACT party leader, John Banks' retrial - and it's understood the focus is on a lunch at the Dotcom mansion.
Topics: politics, law
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Tags:
Duration: 2'18"

17:20
Auckland developer says apartments not the answer to housing shortage
BODY:
An Auckland housing developer is dismissing a Reserve Bank call for more apartments as the best short term solution to the city's chronic housing shortage and crazy prices.
Topics: housing
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags:
Duration: 4'16"

17:25
Police watchdog rules no need to pull out taser
BODY:
The police have been criticised for waving a taser at a man for over eighteen minutes despite having already subdued and handcuffed him.
Topics: law
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Tags: police
Duration: 3'56"

17:35
Evening Business for 16 April 2015
BODY:
News from the business sector including a market report.
Topics: business
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Tags: markets
Duration: 2'44"

17:38
Green Party shocked NZ helping Bangladesh security agencies
BODY:
The Green Party says it's shocking that New Zealand appears to be helping what it calls Bangladesh's notoriously brutal security agencies.
Topics: politics
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Tags: G.C.S.B.
Duration: 5'23"

17:48
Iraq condemns Saudi airstrikes
BODY:
Tensions in Barack Obama's coalition to fight Islamic State erupted today with an extraordinary clash in Washington between Iraq and Saudi Arabia.
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Tags: Islamic State
Duration: 4'53"

17:52
Grass roots Wairarapa Māori oppose super-city plan
BODY:
Despite a Wairarapa iwi authority favouring the Wellington super city proposal, Māori further down the ranks are not so keen.
Topics: te ao Māori
Regions: Wellington Region
Tags: super city
Duration: 3'13"

17:56
Measles alarm raised after shopping centre visits
BODY:
A person with measles may have spread it around several shopping centres in Auckland, and the alarm's been raised.
Topics: health
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags: measles
Duration: 3'56"

18:07
Sports News for 16 April 2015
BODY:
An update from the team at RNZ Sport.
Topics: sport
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Duration: 3'05"

18:12
Key : Labour's housing market fix is hypocritical but might work
BODY:
The Prime Minister is accusing the Labour Party of hypocrisy, after its call for targeted loan to value ratios to deal with the over heated Auckland property market.
Topics: housing
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Duration: 4'02"

18:15
Lawyer for crew of two Korean trawlers speaks
BODY:
The crew of two notorious Korean trawlers are asking a court to order the Crown to sell the ships to pay them millions in wages they say they're owed.
Topics: law
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 4'38"

18:24
Greens shocked NZ spies assisting brutal Bangladeshi security forces
BODY:
The Prime Minister is refusing to discuss fresh allegations New Zealand spies have been helping Bangladesh's draconian security agencies.
Topics: politics
Regions:
Tags: G.C.S.B.
Duration: 5'25"

18:34
Bali killing accused wanted to teach husband a lesson
BODY:
The woman who hired hitmen in Bali to murder her husband who has family in New Zealand has told a court that she wanted to teach him a lesson.
Topics: crime
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Tags: Bali
Duration: 3'30"

18:38
Unexpected drop in unemployment in Australia
BODY:
The Australian economy got a much needed boost today - it's unemployment rate unexpectedly dropping to 6 point 1 per cent.
Topics: economy
Regions:
Tags: employment, Australia
Duration: 4'16"

18:41
Australian-Somali model killed fighting in Syria
BODY:
An Australian male model has reportedly died while fighting alongside Islamic State militants in Syria.
Topics:
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Tags: Islamic State, Australia
Duration: 2'40"

18:46
Te Manu Korihi News for 16 April 2015
BODY:
Despite a Wairarapa iwi authority favouring the Wellington super city proposal, Māori further down the ranks are not so keen; A new trades training programme in Christchurch has been set up with the aim of increasing Māori apprenticeship participation and completion rates; A Māori tour guide based in Sydney says celebrations today to mark a milestone of Māori history in Australia also reflect the long links Māori have with the tangata whenua.
Topics: te ao Māori
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Duration: 3'27"

=SHOW NOTES=

===7:06 PM. | Nights===
=DESCRIPTION=

Entertainment and information, including: 7:30 At the Movies with Simon Morris: Current film releases and film related topics (RNZ) 8:13 Windows on the World: International public radio features and documentaries 9:06 Our Changing World: Science and environment news from NZ and the world (RNZ)

=AUDIO=

19:10
The End (of the Universe) is Nigh
BODY:
Why (as a cosmological physicist), Royal Society University Research Fellow Dr Tony Padilla is declaring that the universe is on the brink of collapse, and accordingly, how this outcome may eventuate.
Topics: science
Regions:
Tags: cosmology, universe, universe collapse, the end is nigh
Duration: 22'20"

20:40
Jamaican Music
BODY:
Placing the needle on the one drop of riddim, rocksteady, ska and roots and culture with deejay and toaster Miles Buckingham. Truth and Rights: the tree from the deep roots.
Topics: music, history
Regions:
Tags: Jamaica, Jamaican music, reggae, dub
Duration: 22'08"

20:59
Conundrum - clue number 7
BODY:
Conundrum - clue number 7.
Topics:
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Tags:
Duration: 11"

21:59
Conundrum - clue number 8
BODY:
Conundrum - clue number 8.
Topics:
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Tags:
Duration: 39"

=SHOW NOTES=

7:10 The End (of the Universe) is Nigh
Why (as a cosmological physicist), Royal Society University Research Fellow Dr Tony Padilla is declaring that the universe is on the brink of collapse, and accordingly, how this outcome may eventuate.
7:30 At the Movies

=SHOW NOTES=

=AUDIO=

19:30
At The Movies for 16 April 2015
BODY:
On At The Movies, Simon Morris looks at the come-back of the female-friendly film, including Samba, starring Charlotte Gainsbourg, Woman In Gold, starring Dame Helen Mirren, and Nicholas Sparks' romance, The Longest Ride, starring up and comer Britt Robertson.
EXTENDED BODY:

A still from Woman in Gold by The Weinstein Company.
The Longest Ride is a Nicholas Sparks romance – enough said.
Woman in Gold is a famous painting, stolen from Helen Mirren by the Nazis,
And Samba features a burnt-out businesswoman and a hopeful refugee.
The big picture with Simon Morris
The come-back of the female-friendly film
Last week the New Zealand Film Commission announced a scholarship to encourage more women into major creative roles in the industry. It’s certainly a pretty good time to address the issue. Last year was the worst one for women directors, writers and women-oriented stories for ages.
Six years after Kathryn Bigelow chipped at the glass ceiling by winning Best Director at the Oscars, this year not one woman was even nominated for directing or writing.
Regardless of rights or wrongs, Hollywood studios and commentators agreed that it wasn’t a particularly good look to ignore half the population like this. And this year, the pendulum seems to have swung back considerably. There’s been a wave of women-targeted movies this year, spearheaded by warrior princess Jennifer Lawrence in the latest Hunger Games film, Cinderella and Insurgent… Still Alice, Wild and Jupiter Ascending - not to mention children’s fare like Annie, Tinkerbell and Home.
When you consider that one of the year’s biggest hits was an exclusively woman’s story, from a book by a woman and directed by an English, art-house, woman film-maker, clearly things are heading in - if not a good, then certainly a fairer direction. But the fact that 50 shades of grey wasn’t particularly worthy is, frankly, irrelevant. When did a man last apologise for a crappy hit?
It doesn’t matter whether so-called “women’s pictures” are any good or not – though many of them are. What matters is they’re finally being made again, with a lot more on the horizon.
The Longest Ride, starring Scott Eastwood, Britt Robertson and Alan Alda.

The story of The Longest Ride can be summed up in that old Hollywood formula – “the Cowboy and the Lady”.
Sophia is a beautiful student whose life is devoted to art and a career in a New York gallery. One day, her best friend persuades her to come to a local rodeo, where she sees Luke. Luke is equally beautiful and decent, and his life is devoted to riding bulls for eight seconds at a time.
He locks eyes with Sophia across a crowded rodeo and is smitten. He asks her out. Sophia has doubts, and shares them with her friend. Sophia and Luke do go out on a date and it’s literally the most idyllic first date that anyone’s had since the last Nicholas Sparks movie.
But then on the way home, Sophia and Luke see a car that’s driven off the road into a tree. The driver is a lovely old man, Ira, played by lovely old Alan Alda, who desperately urges the kids to rescue a Mysterious Box. A Mysterious Box full of letters. Wildly romantic love-letters.
And so – like the Sparks film that, unfortunately, didn’t end all Sparks films, The Notebook – we alternate between the wafer-thin story of star-crossed lovers Sophia and Luke, and an equally flimsy tale, told in letters, of the life-long love between Ira and Ruth…
But, as I say, this is Nicholas Sparks World, and the last thing Sparks’ loyal fans want is any hint of real-life concerns butting in. Have no fear that Love might not Conquer All in The Longest Ride. The fact that life in this film - like that of rodeo-rider Luke - is mostly all bull, won’t in any way detract from the enjoyment of its target audience.
Woman in Gold, starring Helen Mirren and Ryan Reynolds

Woman in Gold tells the story of an Austrian emigree, Maria Altmann, played by Dame Helen. Maria employs lawyer Randy Schoenberg – Ryan Reynolds - to help her retrieve a family painting. Randy’s not interested - until he discovers that the painting of Maria’s Aunt Adele is one of the most famous paintings in the world.
Gustav Klimt’s wildly ornate “Woman in Gold” – much of the surface is actual gold-leaf – was stolen by the Nazis before the war, and has ended up in an art gallery in Vienna. It’s worth tens of millions, but it’s also one of the most famous art works in Austria.
The case is essentially a legal tussle. It’s fuelled by first Maria’s, then Randy’s implacable anger at the original crime, and the refusal of the authorities to admit to – let alone apologise for – what happened to the ‘Woman in Gold’.
But the film of course rests on the two leads. It’s a mark of the talent of Helen Mirren and Ryan Reynolds that two potentially hard-to-like characters are allowed to breathe. The growing warmth between them takes the edge off what could have been a film about revenge and over a hundred million dollars.
Justice – particularly justice 60 years after the fact – is an elusive thing, even when the facts are indisputable. But humanity is not, and this film succeeds in capturing the woman beneath the gold.
Samba, starring Charlotte Gainsbourg and Omar Sy.

Samba opens on two volunteer workers for a refugee organization going to work. Work is a prison next door to an airport, where people with the dreaded “Order to Leave the Country” notice are detained. People like Somalian dish-washer Samba.
For refugees like Samba - played by Omar Sy - life means not being noticed by the authorities. A simple parking ticket could mean deportation.
Samba’s case-worker couldn’t be less promising. Alice, played by Charlotte Gainsbourg, has very little experience, and she’s only doing it as part of her court-ordered therapy. One thing Alice is warned about is maintaining a professional distance from clients like Samba. Their usual fate is summary deportation. But it’s hard to resist Samba’s good looks and warmth.
The two unlikely friends – the burnt-out businesswoman and the likeable dishwasher – could have been improbable in any other hands. But Omar Sy and Charlotte Gainsbourg’s awkward silences turning into reluctant, fumbling conversations are fascinating, mostly because - like them - we can’t stop looking at them.
When the subject of a film is a cause – particularly a cause as glaring as the mistreatment of people who’ve already been mistreated enough by war, famine and prejudice – it’s the loose ends that make all the difference. The plot of Samba certainly gets to where it needs to go, but it leaves in its wake enough loose ends for you to leave the cinema with the pleasurable feeling of wondering where all the characters go next.
- Simon Morris 16 April 2015

Topics: arts
Regions:
Tags: film, movies
Duration: 23'37"

7:30 At the Movies
Films and movie business with Simon Morris.
8:10 Windows on the World
International public radio documentaries - visit the Windows on the World web page to find links to these documentaries.
8:40 Jamaican Music
Placing the needle on the one drop of riddim, rocksteady, ska and roots and culture with deejay and toaster Miles Buckingham. Truth & Rights: the tree from the deep roots.
9:06 Our Changing World

=SHOW NOTES=

Coming Up On Our Changing World on 23 April
An archaeological tale of peat and pumice, a campaign to divest money from the fossil fuel industry, pateke or brown teal on Great Barrier Island and using a laser for tendon injury.

=AUDIO=

21:06
Auckland's Volcanic Risk
BODY:
University of Auckland volcanologist Jan Lindsay discusses the DEVORA project and its aim to assess volcanic hazard and risk for Auckland's metropolitan area.
EXTENDED BODY:
By Veronika Meduna Veronika.Meduna@radionz.co.nz
'There’ve been 53 to 55 volcanoes that formed in the Auckland Volcanic Field over the past quarter of a million years. They haven’t occurred regularly … it looks like there were a few eruptions in the beginning and then ... in particular around 30,000 years ago it seems there were quite a number of eruptions occurring within a period of just a couple of thousand years. After that it got quiet again.' - Jan Lindsay, volcanologist

Our largest city is built on top of an active volcanic field that has erupted at least 53 times over the last 250,000 years, often in devastating explosions that felled forests and spewed fountains of fire.
Geologists expect that more volcanoes will erupt beneath Auckland in the future, and that each new explosion will emerge through a completely new vent. What that prospect means for the metropolitan area is the focus for the seven-year DEVORA project, which brings together geologists, city planners and civil defense staff to work out a strategy to protect people and infrastructure.
University of Auckland volcanologist Jan Lindsay, a co-leader of the DEVORA project, looks at Auckland’s landscape through the lens of the city’s volcanic history. Along the beach at Ladies’ Bay, in the suburb of St Heliers, she studies deposits of a violent explosion that happened more than 50,000 years ago, firing boulders from the Glover Park volcano.
“When the magma reached the surface and came into contact with groundwater or shallow surface water, or just muddy sediments, it caused a big explosion,” she says. The magma and the surrounding rock were blasted into millions of pieces, ranging from a few centimeters to a metre in diameter, including huge “chunks of the basement rock that have been ripped out by the magma and thrown out of the volcano”.
Glover Park exploded in what geologists know as a phreatomagmatic eruption. “The word phreatomagmatic means steam and magma essentially. When magma comes into contact with water, the eruptions are often far more explosive than if magma just emerges passively at the surface. So the water acts as a catalyst.”
These powerful blasts not only shatter everything in their way, but also drive destructive base surges that can travel up to five kilometres from the vent. “That’s the worst case scenario in an Auckland situation,” says Jan Lindsay.
The size and nature of the deposits at Glover Park suggest that this was an average eruption and probably ran out for about two kilometres in radius. “But it would still have been devastating. Don’t forget, the vent itself is about a kilometre wide – that’s a hole in the ground that wasn’t there before.”
The Glover Park volcano erupted during a period when sea levels where much lower than today and Jan Lindsay says that given changes in Auckland’s geology since then, it makes it even more likely that a future eruption would be explosive.
'Looking at past deposits in the Auckland Volcanic Field, we know that about 80 to 85 per cent of all of the eruptions had a phreatomagmatic component, so an explosive base surge … usually at the start of the eruption. Sea levels are now much higher and hydro-geological conditions have changed, with groundwater concentrated in many parts of Auckland close to the surface ... . It’s safe to say that we’re in a wet period of the Auckland Volcanic Field so any future eruption we would certainly expect to have a phreatomagmatic component.'

Auckland’s youngest volcano Rangitoto seems to be an exception. Geologists thought that it formed during an eruption some 500 years ago, but by analysing sediment cores from the nearby Lake Pupuke, University of Auckland geologists Phil Shane and Paul Augustinus have discovered that the volcano erupted intermittently or almost continuously from about 1500 to 500 years ago.
Last year, the team drilled deep into Rangitoto Island's lava to piece together its eruption history in more detail.
As the DEVORA project is about to wrap up, Jan Lindsay says the team now has a fair idea of what a future volcanic eruption would mean for Auckland. Unlike earthquakes, volcanoes are likely to give some warning, and there are 11 seismometers throughout the city, all part of GNS Science’s GeoNet project, that monitor underground tremors.
The magma below Auckland is generated in the mantle, probably about 100 kilometres below the city, and the mantle is ductile. “It will have to travel quite a distance through the ductile mantle before it reaches brittle rocks to generate earthquakes. It may not generate earthquakes until it’s at 30 to 40 kilometres depth so it may well travel half of its distance before we pick up on it. But then, we hope that we’ll start seeing little earthquakes at depths and we should see them shallowing, and we can tell when and where the magma will reach the surface.”
Jan Lindsay says that although a volcanic eruption in Auckland would be a massive challenge, it is likely going to affect only a relatively small area. “It’s just that that particular area might well be in a built-up environment so it becomes obviously very important to get everybody out in time and we fully anticipate that we’ll have enough warning to be able to do that.”
Topics: science
Regions:
Tags: DEVORA, Auckland Volcanic Field, volcanic eruption history, Volcanic hazard, Volcanic risk, Auckland, geology, magma, phreatomagmatic eruption, lava, scoria
Duration: 20'43"

21:20
Restoring the Dawn Chorus at Windy Hill Sanctuary
BODY:
Sixteen years and 44,000 dead rats later, the Windy Hill Sanctuary on Great Barrier Island finally has a dawn chorus
EXTENDED BODY:
By Alison Ballance
"Our key pests are rats. And in the 16 years we’ve been going we’ve trapped 44,000 rats." - Judy Gilbert, voluntary manager for the Windy Hill Rosalie Bay Catchment Trust.

From small beginnings in 1999, a consortium of private land-owners in southern Great Barrier Island is making a big ecological impact on their land.
“When you walk through the forest you’re walking through a carpet of seedlings. So the impact on seeds [from the removal of rats] is immediately visible,” says Judy Gilbert. “In the independent bird monitoring we’ve had done on the island the Windy Hill Sanctuary has the highest abundance of birds … so that’s something you notice. The other morning my husband got up and actually recorded the dawn chorus.”
The Windy Hill Sanctuary was started in 1999 by the Little Windy Hill Company which owns 230 hectares of forested land in southern Great Barrier Island.
“We realised we needed to start addressing our pest issues,” says Judy Gilbert. “We had a 116-hectare QE11 [Queen Elizabeth 11] National Trust covenant on 116 hectares of it, so we knew its ecological value. We started off with a very small project … and we hired a young man from what was then Task Force Green and we began with a hundred rat traps. And today that Sanctuary has evolved to 620 hectares, 5000 stations … 80 kilometres of tracks, six employees, and 14 land-owners representing 50 individuals.”
“We’ve lost 12 species of birds on Great Barrier Island … and that decline is slowly going to go on until such time as we can get the predators off the Barrier – that’s my dream.”

The idea of creating a predator-free Great Barrier Island has been talked on the island but this discussion is about to be ramped up to a new level. Judy Gilbert was recently elected to the Great Barrier community board, which has just agreed to pay two women to “facilitate the community conversation on how do we as a community look after the ecology of the island.” During this two-year process Judy says the community needs to “agree on common values, and to decide how to unfold the process before we begin to look at what the tools are.”
The Stewart Island community is also having discussions about the possibilities of becoming pest-free, and so is Lord Howe Island in Australia. Large inhabited islands are the next step up from pest-free uninhabited islands, and could set a template for the much more ambitious idea of a predator-free New Zealand.
Glenfern Sanctuary, another large private sanctuary on Great Barrier Island, featured on Our Changing World recently.
Topics: environment
Regions:
Tags: conservation, predator control, pest-free New Zealand, Great Barrier Island, rats, sanctuary
Duration: 12'31"

21:34
Discovering Drugs for Breast Cancer
BODY:
Parry Guilford and his team are researching the genetics and chemistry of lobular breast cancer with the aim of discovering new drugs to treat it
EXTENDED BODY:
By Ruth Beran
A protein that holds cells together could be the key to curing cancer.
The protein is known as epithelial cadherin, or E-cadherin, and it’s the focus of Prof Parry Guilford’s research at the Centre for Translational Cancer Research at the University of Otago.
Parry and his team are looking specifically at lobular breast cancer, which accounts for about 15% of all breast cancer cases. It is far more invasive than the more common ductal type of breast cancer.
A lack of E-cadherin could explain why lobular breast cancer cells divide and then start to migrate in an aggressive manner “because they don’t have quite the same degree of adhesion to neighbouring cells,” says Parry.
While mutations in the E-cadherin gene help tumours become more invasive, all mutations have a cost. In a process called “synthetic lethality”, Parry and his team are trying to find the vulnerabilities caused when certain genes are mutated in cancer cells. “We’re looking at cells which have mutations in the E-cadherin gene and comparing them to cells which don’t have mutations in that gene,” says Parry.
“Even a cancer cell incurs some kind of negative effect from these mutations, so we’ve done these very big genome wide screens to try and find out what weaknesses cells with E-cadherin mutations have in them.”

Any weaknesses they discover can be targeted with existing drugs or new compounds. This avenue is being combined with an overlapping genetic approach. The team is using two cell lines, one that expresses E-cadherin and one that doesn’t. Every single gene in the genome of both cell lines has been “knocked down” (ie the expression of the gene is reduced) to see which causes more cell death. “Those which cause more death when knocked down in the E-cadherin negative line, they are potential drug candidates for further development,” says Parry. Then the team will take those candidates and overlap them with the drugs discovered “to get really strong confidence about what compounds to take forward into animal studies and into human clinical trials.”
PhD student Bryony Telford has been working on the project and has conducted a genome wide screen in Melbourne. She has found a couple of candidates that appear promising. “Whether or not they turn into clinically relevant candidates I’m not sure yet,” she says. “There’s still lots of work to be done.”
Andrew Single is another PhD student in the lab and he has been looking at a class of drugs known as histone deacetylase inhibitors or HDACIs. “[HDAC inhibitors] play quite a wide role in the cell, and induce what’s known as acetylation. That can cause a higher expression of genes in the cell, as well as targeting functions of other proteins as well,” he says.
After selecting some favourable drugs from the screen performed by Bryony, he’s been testing them in the cells lines and has shown that the HDAC inhibitors are killing off the E-cadherin deficient cell line. “Now we’re trying to combine them with other known drugs to see if we can enhance this effect and produce more death in the mutagenic cells,” says Andrew.
Another PhD student, Henry Beetham, conducted a high throughput screen of 114,000 medicinal compounds and found 80 or 90 compounds with promise. These compounds are just building blocks though, and require a lot of medicinal chemistry work before they can be used as drugs.
From here, the team will likely use a mouse model to test various drugs in the lab. For drugs which already have safety (Phase I clinical) trials conducted, human studies on patients with lobular breast cancer can happen quite quickly. The newer compounds will take more time.
While Parry’s research is focusing on lobular breast cancer, the results can translate into any cancer that has an E-cadherin mutation. The most obvious examples of this are a sub-type of stomach cancers, known as diffuse gastric cancers. These cancers account for about 400,000 new cases a year worldwide.
“Although we have suspicions that many other epithelial tumours -- so breast, and prostate, and colorectal -- which all tend to undergo some degree of e-cadherin down regulation during their development may also benefit from this research,” says Parry.

The research is funded by the Health Research Council, Breast Cancer Cure and NZ Breast Cancer Foundation.
Topics: science, health
Regions:
Tags: breast cancer, lobular, drugs, genetics, chemistry
Duration: 16'48"

21:46
New Zealand's Smallest Bees
BODY:
New Zealand has 28 species of native bee, that are either small, very small or extremely small in size and solitary by nature
EXTENDED BODY:
By Alison Ballance
“Native bees come in three sizes. Small, very small and extremely small. They’re all much smaller than a honeybee, and they’re generally not very colourful – dark, black and wasp-like in appearance.” - Jay Iwasaki, ecologist

Many of the bees in New Zealand are introduced honeybees and bumblebees, brought here to pollinate crops. But amongst the 41 species found here, there are 28 little-known native bees. These bees, which range in size from 4-12 millimetres long, belong to three different genera: Leioproctus, Hylaeus and Lasioglossum. The diversity of bees here is very low compared to most other countries.
Native bees can be very abundant. “The first time I was here [in the community garden] there was a big area of coriander that was flowering and there were hundreds of native bees,” says Jay Iwasaki, a PhD student in the Departments of Botany and Zoology at the University of Otago. “And unless you’re right up close looking at them you really don’t see them, they just kind of blend in because they’re so tiny. But they’re present in really big abundances during summer on a lot of different flowers.”
Jay says the native bees are also difficult to see because they’re very flighty and fly very fast, seldom settling on one flower for long.
Unlike honeybees and bumblebees which are social and live in colonies, most of the native bees are solitary. They dig holes in the ground, commonly in loose soil and along roadside banks, for example, then they provision the cells with protein-rich pollen and sugary nectar and lay a single egg in each cell. Adult bees don’t survive the winter, but the provisioned eggs hatch in spring starting a new generation of bees.
Jay’s research is looking at whether native bees and honeybees compete for pollen and nectar, as studies overseas have suggested native species are outcompeted by honeybees. His study site is in native alpine vegetation in the Remarkables Range near Queenstown. Honeybees don’t naturally occur there, and after identifying specie and numbers of bees on flowers when no honeybees were present Jay then introduced some hives and repeated the counts. His preliminary results suggest that the introduction of honeybees had no effect on the abundance and diversity of native bees in New Zealand.
Native bees are pollinators, but unlike the long tongued introduced bees which can pollinate all kinds of introduced flowers the short-tongued native bees are generally better at pollinating native flowers. Jay thinks this is why the introduced and native species can co-exist, as they exploit different resources.
While not much is known about native bees in New Zealand research by the University of Canterbury’s Dave Kelly and colleagues in the 1990s showed that little native bees were surprisingly adept at opening explosive mistletoe flowers which were about five times larger than themselves, to reach the pollen and nectar inside.
In 2013 Ngaire Hart, who had just completed a PhD at AUT University, reported that native bee numbers at her study sites in Whangarei had decreased over three years by as much as 60 per cent.
In previous Our Changing World stories, we have looked at the potential for bumblebees to be used as pollinators in orchards, and heard about the state of the honeybee industry in New Zealand. We've also seen what bees can tell us about body clocks during anaesthesia, and seen how honeybees can be trained to sniff out chemicals and pests.
Topics: environment
Regions:
Tags: invertebrates, insects, pollination, natural history, bees
Duration: 12'56"

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